diff --git a/src/cliproxy/auth/provider-refreshers/index.ts b/src/cliproxy/auth/provider-refreshers/index.ts
index 89df2ab2..3c642340 100644
--- a/src/cliproxy/auth/provider-refreshers/index.ts
+++ b/src/cliproxy/auth/provider-refreshers/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
  * Provider Token Refreshers
  *
  * Exports refresh functions for each OAuth provider.
- * Currently only Gemini is implemented; others return placeholder errors.
+ *
+ * Refresh responsibility:
+ * - CCS-managed: gemini (CCS refreshes tokens directly via Google OAuth)
+ * - CLIProxy-delegated: codex, agy, kiro, ghcp, qwen, iflow
+ *   (CLIProxyAPIPlus handles refresh automatically in background)
+ * - Not implemented: claude
  */
 
 import { CLIProxyProvider } from '../../types';
@@ -13,6 +18,29 @@ export interface ProviderRefreshResult {
   success: boolean;
   error?: string;
   expiresAt?: number;
+  /** True if refresh is delegated to CLIProxy (not handled by CCS) */
+  delegated?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Providers where CLIProxyAPIPlus owns token refresh.
+ * CLIProxyAPIPlus runs background refresh automatically (e.g. kiro: every 1 min).
+ * CCS should not attempt to refresh these — just trust CLIProxy.
+ */
+const CLIPROXY_DELEGATED_REFRESH: CLIProxyProvider[] = [
+  'codex',
+  'agy',
+  'kiro',
+  'ghcp',
+  'qwen',
+  'iflow',
+];
+
+/**
+ * Check if a provider's token refresh is delegated to CLIProxy
+ */
+export function isRefreshDelegated(provider: CLIProxyProvider): boolean {
+  return CLIPROXY_DELEGATED_REFRESH.includes(provider);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -35,6 +63,10 @@ export async function refreshToken(
     case 'iflow':
     case 'kiro':
     case 'ghcp':
+      // CLIProxyAPIPlus handles refresh for these providers automatically.
+      // No action needed from CCS — report success with delegated flag.
+      return { success: true, delegated: true };
+
     case 'claude':
       return {
         success: false,
diff --git a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-expiry-checker.ts b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-expiry-checker.ts
index 066f1d9b..a8f13177 100644
--- a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-expiry-checker.ts
+++ b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-expiry-checker.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import * as path from 'path';
 import { CLIProxyProvider } from '../types';
 import { CLIPROXY_PROFILES } from '../../auth/profile-detector';
 import { getProviderAccounts, getAccountTokenPath } from '../account-manager';
+import { isRefreshDelegated } from './provider-refreshers';
 
 /** Preemptive refresh time: refresh tokens 45 minutes before expiry */
 export const PREEMPTIVE_REFRESH_MINUTES = 45;
@@ -74,9 +75,13 @@ export function getTokenExpiryInfo(
     const content = fs.readFileSync(tokenPath, 'utf-8');
     const data: TokenData = JSON.parse(content);
 
-    // Validate refresh_token exists (required for refresh)
-    if (!data.refresh_token || typeof data.refresh_token !== 'string') {
-      return null;
+    // Validate refresh_token exists (required for CCS-managed refresh).
+    // CLIProxy-delegated providers may not expose refresh_token in token files —
+    // CLIProxyAPIPlus manages refresh internally, so skip this check for them.
+    if (!isRefreshDelegated(provider)) {
+      if (!data.refresh_token || typeof data.refresh_token !== 'string') {
+        return null;
+      }
     }
 
     // Calculate expiry time with validation
diff --git a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-manager.ts b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-manager.ts
index 41ef2092..bec57b39 100644
--- a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-manager.ts
+++ b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-manager.ts
@@ -317,6 +317,13 @@ export function displayAuthStatus(): void {
  * Ensure OAuth token is valid for provider, refreshing if expired or expiring soon.
  * This prevents UND_ERR_SOCKET errors caused by expired tokens during API calls.
  *
+ * Refresh responsibility:
+ * - gemini: CCS refreshes directly via Google OAuth
+ * - codex, agy, kiro, ghcp, qwen, iflow: CLIProxyAPIPlus handles refresh
+ *   automatically in background (e.g. kiro refreshes every 1 min).
+ *   CCS only checks if token file exists (authentication state).
+ * - claude: not yet implemented
+ *
  * @param provider The CLIProxy provider
  * @param verbose Log progress if true
  * @returns Object with valid status and whether refresh occurred
@@ -325,14 +332,12 @@ export async function ensureTokenValid(
   provider: CLIProxyProvider,
   verbose = false
 ): Promise<{ valid: boolean; refreshed: boolean; error?: string }> {
-  // Currently only Gemini uses oauth_creds.json with expiry_date
-  // Other providers (agy, codex) use CLIProxyAPI's internal auth management
   if (provider === 'gemini') {
     const { ensureGeminiTokenValid } = await import('./gemini-token-refresh');
     return ensureGeminiTokenValid(verbose);
   }
 
-  // For other providers, assume token is valid if authenticated
-  // CLIProxyAPI handles token refresh internally for antigravity/codex
+  // For CLIProxy-delegated providers, token refresh is handled by CLIProxyAPIPlus.
+  // CCS only verifies the token file exists (authentication state).
   return { valid: isAuthenticated(provider), refreshed: false };
 }
diff --git a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-refresh-worker.ts b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-refresh-worker.ts
index 071e63d9..4e1c5304 100644
--- a/src/cliproxy/auth/token-refresh-worker.ts
+++ b/src/cliproxy/auth/token-refresh-worker.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import { CLIProxyProvider } from '../types';
 import { getAllTokenExpiryInfo, TokenExpiryInfo } from './token-expiry-checker';
-import { refreshToken } from './provider-refreshers';
+import { refreshToken, isRefreshDelegated } from './provider-refreshers';
 
 /** Worker configuration */
 export interface TokenRefreshConfig {
@@ -182,7 +182,10 @@ export class TokenRefreshWorker {
 
     try {
       const tokens = getAllTokenExpiryInfo();
-      const tokensNeedingRefresh = tokens.filter((t) => t.needsRefresh);
+      // Skip CLIProxy-delegated providers — they handle their own refresh
+      const tokensNeedingRefresh = tokens.filter(
+        (t) => t.needsRefresh && !isRefreshDelegated(t.provider)
+      );
 
       if (tokensNeedingRefresh.length === 0) {
         this.log('[OK] All tokens valid, no refresh needed');