diff --git a/src/auth/profile-detector.ts b/src/auth/profile-detector.ts
index 328e7406..16accd5f 100644
--- a/src/auth/profile-detector.ts
+++ b/src/auth/profile-detector.ts
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export interface ProfileNotFoundError extends Error {
  * Uses expandPath() for consistent cross-platform path handling.
  * Returns empty object on error.
  */
-function loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath: string): Record<string, string> {
+export function loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath: string): Record<string, string> {
   const expandedPath = expandPath(settingsPath);
   try {
     if (!fs.existsSync(expandedPath)) return {};
diff --git a/src/types/index.ts b/src/types/index.ts
index 30fec139..648ae97f 100644
--- a/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/types/index.ts
@@ -46,5 +46,5 @@ export type {
 } from './glmt';
 
 // Utility types
-export { ErrorCode, LogLevel } from './utils';
-export type { ColorName, TerminalInfo, Result } from './utils';
+export { LogLevel } from './utils';
+export type { ErrorCode, ColorName, TerminalInfo, Result } from './utils';
diff --git a/src/types/utils.ts b/src/types/utils.ts
index a9320d53..51ccc6a7 100644
--- a/src/types/utils.ts
+++ b/src/types/utils.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
  */
 
 // Re-export from error-codes for consistency
-export { ERROR_CODES, ErrorCode, getErrorDocUrl, getErrorCategory } from '../utils/error-codes';
+export { ERROR_CODES, getErrorDocUrl, getErrorCategory } from '../utils/error-codes';
+export type { ErrorCode } from '../utils/error-codes';
 
 /**
  * Log levels
diff --git a/src/utils/helpers.ts b/src/utils/helpers.ts
index 5f1f9031..f281f7e6 100644
--- a/src/utils/helpers.ts
+++ b/src/utils/helpers.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,14 @@ export function error(message: string): never {
  * Path expansion (~ and env vars)
  */
 export function expandPath(pathStr: string): string {
+  // Normalize separators first to handle mixed paths
+  pathStr = pathStr.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+
   // Handle tilde expansion
-  if (pathStr.startsWith('~/') || pathStr.startsWith('~\\')) {
+  if (pathStr.startsWith('~/')) {
     pathStr = path.join(os.homedir(), pathStr.slice(2));
+  } else if (pathStr === '~') {
+    pathStr = os.homedir();
   }
 
   // Expand environment variables (Windows and Unix)
diff --git a/tests/unit/auth/profile-detector.test.ts b/tests/unit/auth/profile-detector.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb29028d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/auth/profile-detector.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for Profile Detector
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, spyOn } from 'bun:test';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import * as os from 'os';
+import ProfileDetector, { loadSettingsFromFile } from '../../../src/auth/profile-detector';
+import * as unifiedConfigLoader from '../../../src/config/unified-config-loader';
+
+describe('ProfileDetector', () => {
+  const tempDir = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `ccs-test-profile-detector-${process.pid}`);
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    if (!fs.existsSync(tempDir)) {
+      fs.mkdirSync(tempDir, { recursive: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (fs.existsSync(tempDir)) {
+      fs.rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  describe('loadSettingsFromFile', () => {
+    it('should load settings from a valid JSON file', () => {
+      const settingsPath = path.join(tempDir, 'valid.settings.json');
+      const settings = { env: { KEY: 'VALUE' } };
+      fs.writeFileSync(settingsPath, JSON.stringify(settings));
+
+      const result = loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath);
+      expect(result).toEqual({ KEY: 'VALUE' });
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty object for non-existent file', () => {
+      const result = loadSettingsFromFile(path.join(tempDir, 'non-existent.json'));
+      expect(result).toEqual({});
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty object for invalid JSON', () => {
+      const settingsPath = path.join(tempDir, 'invalid.json');
+      fs.writeFileSync(settingsPath, 'invalid json');
+
+      const result = loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath);
+      expect(result).toEqual({});
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tilde expansion correctly', () => {
+      const mockHome = path.join(tempDir, 'home');
+      fs.mkdirSync(mockHome, { recursive: true });
+      const settingsPath = '~/test.settings.json';
+      const actualPath = path.join(mockHome, 'test.settings.json');
+      fs.writeFileSync(actualPath, JSON.stringify({ env: { HOME_VAR: 'TRUE' } }));
+
+      // Mock os.homedir
+      const homedirSpy = spyOn(os, 'homedir').mockReturnValue(mockHome);
+
+      try {
+        const result = loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath);
+        expect(result).toEqual({ HOME_VAR: 'TRUE' });
+      } finally {
+        homedirSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should handle env var expansion correctly', () => {
+      const settingsPath = path.join(tempDir, '${TEST_VAR}.json');
+      const actualPath = path.join(tempDir, 'actual.json');
+      fs.writeFileSync(actualPath, JSON.stringify({ env: { ENV_VAR: 'EXPANDED' } }));
+
+      process.env.TEST_VAR = 'actual';
+      try {
+        const result = loadSettingsFromFile(settingsPath);
+        expect(result).toEqual({ ENV_VAR: 'EXPANDED' });
+      } finally {
+        delete process.env.TEST_VAR;
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('detectProfileType', () => {
+    let detector: ProfileDetector;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      detector = new ProfileDetector();
+    });
+
+    it('should detect CLIProxy profiles', () => {
+      const result = detector.detectProfileType('gemini');
+      expect(result.type).toBe('cliproxy');
+      expect(result.name).toBe('gemini');
+      expect(result.provider).toBe('gemini');
+    });
+
+    it('should detect settings-based profile from unified config', () => {
+      const settingsPath = path.join(tempDir, 'glm.settings.json');
+      fs.writeFileSync(settingsPath, JSON.stringify({ env: { ANTHROPIC_MODEL: 'glm-4' } }));
+
+      const mockUnifiedConfig = {
+        version: 2,
+        profiles: {
+          glm: { settings: settingsPath, type: 'api' }
+        }
+      };
+
+      const isUnifiedModeSpy = spyOn(unifiedConfigLoader, 'isUnifiedMode').mockReturnValue(true);
+      const loadUnifiedConfigSpy = spyOn(unifiedConfigLoader, 'loadUnifiedConfig').mockReturnValue(mockUnifiedConfig as any);
+
+      try {
+        const result = detector.detectProfileType('glm');
+        expect(result.type).toBe('settings');
+        expect(result.name).toBe('glm');
+        expect(result.env).toEqual({ ANTHROPIC_MODEL: 'glm-4' });
+      } finally {
+        isUnifiedModeSpy.mockRestore();
+        loadUnifiedConfigSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should detect account-based profile from unified config', () => {
+      const mockUnifiedConfig = {
+        version: 2,
+        accounts: {
+          work: { created: '2025-01-01', last_used: '2025-01-02' }
+        }
+      };
+
+      const isUnifiedModeSpy = spyOn(unifiedConfigLoader, 'isUnifiedMode').mockReturnValue(true);
+      const loadUnifiedConfigSpy = spyOn(unifiedConfigLoader, 'loadUnifiedConfig').mockReturnValue(mockUnifiedConfig as any);
+
+      try {
+        const result = detector.detectProfileType('work');
+        expect(result.type).toBe('account');
+        expect(result.name).toBe('work');
+        expect(result.profile).toBeDefined();
+        expect((result.profile as any).type).toBe('account');
+      } finally {
+        isUnifiedModeSpy.mockRestore();
+        loadUnifiedConfigSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should return null for unknown profile (throws error)', () => {
+      const isUnifiedModeSpy = spyOn(unifiedConfigLoader, 'isUnifiedMode').mockReturnValue(false);
+      // Mock readConfig/readProfiles to return empty
+      spyOn(fs, 'existsSync').mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      try {
+        expect(() => detector.detectProfileType('unknown')).toThrow(/Profile not found/);
+      } finally {
+        isUnifiedModeSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/commands/setup-command.test.ts b/tests/unit/commands/setup-command.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4bb37b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/commands/setup-command.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for setup-command.ts - isFirstTimeInstall() function
+ *
+ * Issue #195: GLM auth regression - isFirstTimeInstall() was ignoring legacy configs
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'bun:test';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import * as os from 'os';
+
+// Create temp directory for test isolation
+let testDir: string;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  testDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ccs-test-'));
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  fs.rmSync(testDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+// Helper to create config files
+function createConfigYaml(content: string): void {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.yaml'), content, 'utf8');
+}
+
+function createConfigJson(content: object): void {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'), JSON.stringify(content, null, 2), 'utf8');
+}
+
+function createProfilesJson(content: object): void {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'profiles.json'), JSON.stringify(content, null, 2), 'utf8');
+}
+
+describe('isFirstTimeInstall logic', () => {
+  describe('legacy config detection', () => {
+    it('should detect legacy config.json with profiles', () => {
+      createConfigYaml('version: 2\nprofiles: {}\naccounts: {}');
+      createConfigJson({ profiles: { glm: '~/.ccs/glm.settings.json' } });
+
+      const legacyConfig = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'), 'utf8'));
+      const hasLegacyProfiles = legacyConfig.profiles && Object.keys(legacyConfig.profiles).length > 0;
+
+      expect(hasLegacyProfiles).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect legacy profiles.json with accounts', () => {
+      createConfigYaml('version: 2\nprofiles: {}\naccounts: {}');
+      createProfilesJson({ profiles: { work: { path: '/some/path' } } });
+
+      const legacyProfiles = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'profiles.json'), 'utf8'));
+      const hasLegacyAccounts = legacyProfiles.profiles && Object.keys(legacyProfiles.profiles).length > 0;
+
+      expect(hasLegacyAccounts).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when no configs exist', () => {
+      const hasConfigYaml = fs.existsSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.yaml'));
+      const hasConfigJson = fs.existsSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'));
+      const hasProfilesJson = fs.existsSync(path.join(testDir, 'profiles.json'));
+
+      expect(hasConfigYaml).toBe(false);
+      expect(hasConfigJson).toBe(false);
+      expect(hasProfilesJson).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect unified config with profiles', () => {
+      createConfigYaml(`
+version: 2
+profiles:
+  glm:
+    type: api
+    settings: ~/.ccs/glm.settings.json
+accounts: {}
+`);
+
+      const content = fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.yaml'), 'utf8');
+      const hasProfiles = content.includes('glm:') && content.includes('type: api');
+
+      expect(hasProfiles).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should detect unified config with remote proxy', () => {
+      createConfigYaml(`
+version: 2
+profiles: {}
+accounts: {}
+cliproxy_server:
+  remote:
+    enabled: true
+    host: my-server.example.com
+`);
+
+      const content = fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.yaml'), 'utf8');
+      const hasRemoteProxy = content.includes('enabled: true') && content.includes('host:');
+
+      expect(hasRemoteProxy).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('empty config handling', () => {
+    it('should treat empty configs as first-time', () => {
+      createConfigYaml('version: 2\nprofiles: {}\naccounts: {}');
+      createConfigJson({ profiles: {} });
+      createProfilesJson({ profiles: {} });
+
+      const legacyConfig = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'), 'utf8'));
+      const legacyProfiles = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'profiles.json'), 'utf8'));
+
+      const hasLegacyProfiles = Object.keys(legacyConfig.profiles || {}).length > 0;
+      const hasLegacyAccounts = Object.keys(legacyProfiles.profiles || {}).length > 0;
+
+      expect(hasLegacyProfiles).toBe(false);
+      expect(hasLegacyAccounts).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('corrupted config handling', () => {
+    it('should handle corrupted config.json gracefully', () => {
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'), 'not valid json{{{', 'utf8');
+
+      let hasLegacyProfiles = false;
+      try {
+        const legacyConfig = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(testDir, 'config.json'), 'utf8'));
+        hasLegacyProfiles = legacyConfig.profiles && Object.keys(legacyConfig.profiles).length > 0;
+      } catch {
+        hasLegacyProfiles = false;
+      }
+
+      expect(hasLegacyProfiles).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/unit/utils/expand-path.test.ts b/tests/unit/utils/expand-path.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9764dca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/utils/expand-path.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { expect, test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } from "bun:test";
+import * as path from "path";
+import * as os from "os";
+import { expandPath } from "../../../src/utils/helpers";
+
+describe("expandPath", () => {
+  const originalEnv = { ...process.env };
+  const HOME = os.homedir();
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    process.env.TEST_HOME = "/custom/home";
+    process.env.TEST_VAR = "foo";
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    process.env = { ...originalEnv };
+  });
+
+  test("1. Tilde expansion: ~/path -> /home/user/path", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("~/test/file.txt")).toBe(path.join(HOME, "test/file.txt"));
+  });
+
+  test("2. Windows tilde with backslash: ~\\path", () => {
+    // expandPath handles both ~/ and ~\ regardless of platform
+    expect(expandPath("~\\test\\file.txt")).toBe(path.join(HOME, "test/file.txt"));
+  });
+
+  test("3. Environment variable expansion: ${VAR}/path", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("${TEST_HOME}/file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/custom/home/file.txt"));
+  });
+
+  test("4. Dollar sign env vars: $VAR/path", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("$TEST_HOME/file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/custom/home/file.txt"));
+  });
+
+  test("5. Windows %VAR% expansion: %VAR%\\path (simulated)", () => {
+    // We can't easily mock process.platform if it's not win32,
+    // but the function check process.platform === 'win32'
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      expect(expandPath("%TEST_HOME%\\file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/custom/home/file.txt"));
+    } else {
+      // Should remain unchanged on non-windows (but separators normalized)
+      expect(expandPath("%TEST_HOME%\\file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("%TEST_HOME%/file.txt"));
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("6. Mixed path separators normalization", () => {
+    const result = expandPath("path/to\\some/file");
+    expect(result).toBe(path.normalize("path/to/some/file"));
+  });
+
+  test("7. Nested env vars: ${HOME}/${VAR}/path", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("${TEST_HOME}/${TEST_VAR}/file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/custom/home/foo/file.txt"));
+  });
+
+  test("8. Empty/null path handling", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("")).toBe(".");
+  });
+
+  test("9. Already absolute paths stay unchanged", () => {
+    const absPath = "/absolute/path";
+    expect(expandPath(absPath)).toBe(path.normalize(absPath));
+  });
+
+  test("10. Undefined env vars -> empty string", () => {
+    expect(expandPath("${UNDEFINED_VAR}/file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/file.txt"));
+    expect(expandPath("$UNDEFINED_VAR/file.txt")).toBe(path.normalize("/file.txt"));
+  });
+});