fix(browser): 对齐 phase11e 与 upstream browser 配置体系

同步 browser 配置相关模块并隔离测试中的宿主环境变量，修复 phase11e 合并 upstream/dev 后的浏览器相关回归。

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/ccs.ts

@@ -1329,6 +1329,10 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
             ...imageAnalysisEnv,
             CCS_CURRENT_PROVIDER: '',
             CCS_IMAGE_ANALYSIS_SKIP: '1',
+            CCS_IMAGE_ANALYSIS_RUNTIME_PATH: '',
+            CCS_IMAGE_ANALYSIS_RUNTIME_BASE_URL: '',
+            CCS_IMAGE_ANALYSIS_RUNTIME_API_KEY: '',
+            CCS_IMAGE_ANALYSIS_RUNTIME_ALLOW_SELF_SIGNED: '0',
           };
         } else if (imageAnalysisStatus.proxyReadiness === 'stopped') {
           const ensureServiceResult = await ensureCliproxyService(