diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index 6ed73a3..11c1ffc 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -41,6 +41,27 @@ links out to each service. Per-service detail (variables, ports, storage)
 belongs in that service's README, not the root one. Adding a service means
 adding its README and a row to the root table.
 
+## Workspace services
+
+A service someone works *inside* — an editor, a coding agent, anything with a
+shell — gets exactly two named volumes: one for the container user's home
+directory, one mounted at `/workspace`. The home volume holds settings,
+credentials and CLI logins; `/workspace` holds the code. Point whatever
+variable selects the working directory at `/workspace`.
+
+`code-server`, `paseo` and `opencode-web` all follow this.
+A service with no human inside it does not: `openhands` keeps only its state
+volume, because each agent session gets a container of its own.
+
+The split is so that wiping one does not take the other. Reinstalling an editor
+should not cost you a repository, and deleting a repository should not cost you
+your extensions and logins.
+
+Check who owns `/workspace` on a fresh volume. Docker creates it `root:root`
+unless the image ships the directory, and an image that drops to a non-root
+user will not be able to write there. `code-server` needs an explicit `chown`
+for this reason; `paseo` and `opencode-web` do not.
+
 ## Environment variable order
 
 `environment:` entries are ordered by how badly the service needs them — not
diff --git a/code-server/Dockerfile b/code-server/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74aa411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/code-server/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+FROM lscr.io/linuxserver/code-server:latest
+
+# Workspace directory, owned by the container user.
+RUN mkdir -p /workspace && chown 1000:1000 /workspace
diff --git a/code-server/README.md b/code-server/README.md
index a3afefc..54493fd 100644
--- a/code-server/README.md
+++ b/code-server/README.md
@@ -57,6 +57,36 @@ Coolify or Dokploy. See the [root README](../README.md) for why.
 
 ## Storage
 
-Everything lives in the `code-server-config` named volume mounted at `/config`;
-the default workspace is `/config/workspace`. Removing the volume wipes your
-files, settings, and extensions.
+| Volume | Mount | Holds |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `code-server-config` | `/config` | Home directory: settings, extensions, shell history, CLI logins |
+| `code-server-workspace` | `/workspace` | Code you work on |
+
+Two volumes, the same split [paseo](../paseo/README.md) and
+[opencode-web](../opencode-web/README.md) use: home in one, the workspace in
+the other. Code survives a wipe of the editor's state, and the editor's state
+survives a wipe of the code.
+
+`DEFAULT_WORKSPACE` points at `/workspace` to match. It only chooses the folder
+code-server opens; it does not move anything.
+
+The `Dockerfile` exists only because of that move. The image hard-codes what it
+hands to the `abc` user — `init-adduser` takes `/app`, `/config` and
+`/defaults`, `init-code-server` takes `/config/workspace` by literal path — and
+reads `DEFAULT_WORKSPACE` only to decide which folder to open. A named volume
+on `/workspace` is therefore never chowned, comes up `root:root`, and the
+editor cannot write a single file into it.
+
+Creating the directory in the image fixes it without any runtime step: Docker
+seeds an empty named volume from the image directory, ownership included, so
+`/workspace` arrives owned by `abc`. It is the same reason `paseo` needs no
+fixup — its upstream image ships `/workspace` already owned.
+
+The alternative was a `chown` script in `/custom-cont-init.d`, the image's own
+init hook. It was rejected because it needs a bind mount from the repository
+into the container, and because the hook silently skips any script that has
+lost its executable bit — a read-only workspace with nothing obvious to blame.
+Baking `1000:1000` into the image costs the ability to change `PUID` at
+runtime, which is free here: both services pin it to `1000`.
+
+Anything outside these two volumes is lost on redeploy.
diff --git a/code-server/compose.yml b/code-server/compose.yml
index 544f835..0ea781a 100644
--- a/code-server/compose.yml
+++ b/code-server/compose.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
   code-server:
-    image: 'lscr.io/linuxserver/code-server:latest'
+    build: .
     hostname: ${SERVICE_HOSTNAME}
     environment:
       - PUID=1000
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ services:
       - INSTALL_PACKAGES=gh|git|glab|unzip|zip
       - NODEJS_MOD_VERSION=24
       - TZ=Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
-      - DEFAULT_WORKSPACE=/config/workspace
+      - DEFAULT_WORKSPACE=/workspace
       - GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=${GIT_NAME}
       - GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=${GIT_EMAIL}
       - GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=${GIT_NAME}
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ services:
       - PWA_APPNAME=code-server
     volumes:
       - 'code-server-config:/config'
+      - 'code-server-workspace:/workspace'
       - '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro'
 volumes:
   code-server-config:
+  code-server-workspace: