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---
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title: Strangler
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title: "Strangler Pattern in Java: Modernizing Legacy Systems with Incremental Updates"
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shortTitle: Strangler
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description: "Explore the Strangler design pattern for Java, a strategic approach to incrementally modernize legacy systems without disruption. Learn how it facilitates smooth transitions to new architectures, with real-world applications and code examples."
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category: Structural
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language: en
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tag:
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- Migration
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- Modernization
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- Refactoring
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- Migration
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- Modernization
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- Refactoring
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---
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## Also known as
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* Strangler Fig
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## Intent
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## Intent of Strangler Design Pattern
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Incrementally replace the legacy system by building a new system alongside the old one, eventually strangling the old system.
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The Strangler Pattern incrementally replaces the legacy system by building a new system alongside the old one, eventually strangling the old system. Using the pattern offer a seamless transition from old to new systems.
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## Explanation
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## Detailed Explanation of Strangler Pattern with Real-World Examples
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Real-world example
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@@ -30,9 +32,9 @@ Wikipedia says
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> The Strangler Design Pattern involves incrementally migrating a legacy system by gradually replacing it with a new system. It wraps old code with new code, redirecting or logging uses of the old code to ensure a seamless transition. This pattern is named after the strangler fig plant, which grows around a host tree and eventually replaces it entirely. It's particularly useful for modernizing monolithic applications and transitioning them to microservices architecture with minimal risk and disruption.
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**Programmatic Example**
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## Programmatic Example of Strangler Pattern in Java
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The Strangler design pattern is a software design pattern that incrementally migrates a legacy system by gradually replacing specific pieces of functionality with new applications and services. As features from the legacy system are replaced, the new system eventually replaces all of the old system's features, strangling the old system and allowing you to decommission it.
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The Strangler design pattern in Java is a software design pattern that incrementally migrates a legacy system by gradually replacing specific pieces of functionality with new applications and services. As features from the legacy system are replaced, the new system eventually replaces all the old system's features, strangling the old system and allowing you to decommission it.
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In the provided code, we have an example of the Strangler pattern in action. The `OldArithmetic` class represents the legacy system, while the `HalfArithmetic` and `NewArithmetic` classes represent the new system at different stages of development.
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This is a typical example of the Strangler pattern. The legacy system (`OldArithmetic`) is gradually replaced by the new system (`HalfArithmetic` and `NewArithmetic`). The new system is developed incrementally, and at each stage, it strangles a part of the legacy system until the legacy system is completely replaced.
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## Applicability
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## When to Use the Strangler Pattern in Java
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* Use when you need to replace a monolithic or legacy system incrementally.
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* Ideal for scenarios where the system cannot be replaced in one go due to risk or complexity.
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* Suitable when you need to modernize parts of an application while ensuring continuous operation.
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* Perfect for applications requiring updates with zero downtime, the Strangler pattern supports incremental updates in complex Java systems.
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## Tutorials
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## Strangler Pattern Java Tutorials
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* [Legacy Application Strangulation: Case Studies (Paul Hammant)](https://paulhammant.com/2013/07/14/legacy-application-strangulation-case-studies/)
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## Known Uses
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## Real-World Applications of Strangler Pattern in Java
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* Replacing a legacy monolithic application with a microservices architecture.
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* Transitioning from an on-premise system to a cloud-based system.
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* Incrementally migrating from an old database schema to a new one without downtime.
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## Consequences
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## Benefits and Trade-offs of Strangler Pattern
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Benefits:
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* May introduce temporary performance overhead due to coexistence of old and new systems.
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* Potentially increases the initial development time due to the need for integration.
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## Related Patterns
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## Related Java Design Patterns
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* [Adapter](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/adapter/): Used to make new systems interact with the old system during the transition period.
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* [Facade](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/facade/): Can provide a unified interface to the old and new systems, simplifying client interactions.
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* Microservices: The target architecture in many cases where the Strangler Pattern is applied.
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## Credits
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## References and Credits
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* [Building Microservices](https://amzn.to/3UACtrU)
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* [Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture](https://amzn.to/3WfKBPR)
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