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4108f86177
* Changed database implementation. Removed static objects. * Fix Logs * Fix 40 errors from checkstyle plugin run. 139 left)) * Fix CacheStore errors from checkstyle plugin 107 left * Fix last errors in checkstyle. * Fix sonar issues * Fix issues in VALIDATE phase * Fix Bug with mongo connection. Used "Try with resources" * Add test * Added docker-compose for mongo db. MongoDb db work fixed. * Provided missing tests * Comments to start Application with mongo. * Fix some broken links * Remove extra space * Update filename * Fix some links in localization folders * Fix link * Update frontmatters * Work on patterns index page * Work on index page * Fixes according PR comments. Mainly Readme edits. * fix frontmatter * add missing png * Update pattern index.md * Add index.md for Chinese translation * update image paths * update circuit breaker image paths * Update image paths for localizations * add generated puml * Add missing image * Update img file extensions * Update the rest of the EN and ZH patterns to conform with the new website Co-authored-by: Victor Zalevskii <zvictormail@gmail.com>
title, category, language, tags
| title | category | language | tags | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factory Method | Creational | zh |
|
Also known as
或称
虚拟构造器
目的
为创建一个对象定义一个接口,但是让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类将实例化延迟到子类。
解释
真实世界例子
铁匠生产武器。精灵需要精灵武器,而兽人需要兽人武器。根据客户来召唤正确类型的铁匠。
通俗的说
它为类提供了一种把实例化的逻辑委托给子类的方式。
维基百科上说
在基于类的编程中,工厂方法模式是一种创建型设计模式用来解决创建对象的问题,而不需要指定将要创建对象的确切类。这是通过调用工厂方法创建对象来完成的,而不是通过调用构造器。该工厂方法在接口中指定并由子类实现,或者在基类实现并可以选择由子类重写。
程序示例
以上面的铁匠为例,首先我们有铁匠的接口和一些它的实现。
public interface Blacksmith {
Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType);
}
public class ElfBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
return ELFARSENAL.get(weaponType);
}
}
public class OrcBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
return ORCARSENAL.get(weaponType);
}
}
现在随着客户的到来,会召唤出正确类型的铁匠并制造出要求的武器。
var blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
// Elvish weapons are created
类图
适用性
使用工厂方法模式当
- 一个类无法预料它所要必须创建的对象的类
- 一个类想要它的子类来指定它要创建的对象
- 类将责任委派给几个帮助子类中的一个,而你想定位了解是具体之中的哪一个
Java中的例子
- java.util.Calendar
- java.util.ResourceBundle
- java.text.NumberFormat
- java.nio.charset.Charset
- java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory
- java.util.EnumSet
- javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext
