diff --git a/litellm/proxy/hooks/batch_rate_limiter.py b/litellm/proxy/hooks/batch_rate_limiter.py
index ffbcfc0f44..2ee0588f19 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/hooks/batch_rate_limiter.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/hooks/batch_rate_limiter.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Quick summary:
 - async_log_success_event() fires on GET /v1/batches/{id} (batch completion)
 """
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union
 
 from fastapi import HTTPException
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -179,16 +179,13 @@ class _PROXY_BatchRateLimiter(CustomLogger):
             model_has_failures=False,
         )
 
-        increments = cast(
-            List[Dict[Literal["requests", "tokens"], int]],
-            [
-                {
-                    "requests": batch_usage.request_count,
-                    "tokens": batch_usage.total_tokens,
-                }
-                for _ in descriptors
-            ],
-        )
+        increment: Dict[Literal["requests", "tokens"], int] = {
+            "requests": batch_usage.request_count,
+            "tokens": batch_usage.total_tokens,
+        }
+        increments: List[Dict[Literal["requests", "tokens"], int]] = [
+            increment for _ in descriptors
+        ]
 
         rate_limit_response = (
             await self.parallel_request_limiter.atomic_check_and_increment_by_n(
diff --git a/litellm/proxy/hooks/dynamic_rate_limiter_v3.py b/litellm/proxy/hooks/dynamic_rate_limiter_v3.py
index 2cbb527284..f7c0592992 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/hooks/dynamic_rate_limiter_v3.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/hooks/dynamic_rate_limiter_v3.py
@@ -562,6 +562,13 @@ class _PROXY_DynamicRateLimitHandlerV3(CustomLogger):
         # If priority is NOT enforced (saturation below threshold) but
         # priority_descriptors exist, increment them for tracking only — no
         # check, no rollback. This matches the prior tracking semantics.
+        #
+        # Using the non-atomic should_rate_limit (instead of
+        # atomic_check_and_increment_by_n) is intentional here: we don't want
+        # to enforce the limit, we only want to bump the counter so the
+        # priority allocation has accurate usage when it later becomes
+        # enforced. The increment-then-check semantics of should_rate_limit
+        # are fine because we ignore the OVER_LIMIT response.
         if priority_descriptors and not should_enforce_priority:
             priority_tracking_response = await self.v3_limiter.should_rate_limit(
                 descriptors=priority_descriptors,
diff --git a/litellm/proxy/hooks/parallel_request_limiter_v3.py b/litellm/proxy/hooks/parallel_request_limiter_v3.py
index cd85843ef1..4497e64c17 100644
--- a/litellm/proxy/hooks/parallel_request_limiter_v3.py
+++ b/litellm/proxy/hooks/parallel_request_limiter_v3.py
@@ -754,17 +754,25 @@ class _PROXY_MaxParallelRequestsHandler_v3(CustomLogger):
                 counter_key = self.create_rate_limit_keys(
                     descriptor_key, descriptor_value, rlt
                 )
+                # Counter-key TTL and window_size are conceptually distinct
+                # ("how long the counter Redis key lives" vs "how long the
+                # sliding window is"). They happen to be equal today because
+                # we have no descriptor type that needs them apart, but they
+                # are kept as separate variables here so a future custom-TTL
+                # descriptor doesn't reintroduce a silent expiry bug. Both
+                # the Lua script and the in-memory fallback read these from
+                # their respective ARGV / meta slots.
+                ttl_seconds = int(window_size)
+                window_size_seconds = int(window_size)
                 keys.extend([window_key, counter_key])
-                # Per-descriptor 4-tuple: limit, increment, ttl, window_size.
-                # window_size is per-descriptor — descriptors may carry custom
-                # windows distinct from self.window_size, and the Lua script
-                # uses this slot to evaluate window expiry.
+                # Per-counter 4-tuple matches the Lua ARGV layout exactly:
+                #   [limit, increment, ttl_seconds, window_size_seconds].
                 script_args.extend(
                     [
                         int(limit_value),
                         inc_amount,
-                        int(window_size),
-                        int(window_size),
+                        ttl_seconds,
+                        window_size_seconds,
                     ]
                 )
                 per_counter_meta.append(
@@ -775,8 +783,8 @@ class _PROXY_MaxParallelRequestsHandler_v3(CustomLogger):
                         "window_key": window_key,
                         "counter_key": counter_key,
                         "increment": inc_amount,
-                        "ttl": int(window_size),
-                        "window_size": int(window_size),
+                        "ttl": ttl_seconds,
+                        "window_size": window_size_seconds,
                     }
                 )
 
@@ -822,13 +830,23 @@ class _PROXY_MaxParallelRequestsHandler_v3(CustomLogger):
         raw: List[Any],
         per_counter_meta: List[Dict[str, Any]],
     ) -> RateLimitResponse:
-        """Convert Lua script return value to RateLimitResponse."""
+        """Convert Lua script return value to RateLimitResponse.
+
+        Indexing invariant: `per_counter_meta` and `KEYS` are parallel-indexed
+        at the COUNTER level, not the descriptor level. A descriptor with both
+        RPM and TPM limits emits two `(window_key, counter_key)` pairs and
+        two meta entries — one per counter. The Lua script's loop variable
+        `i` therefore enumerates counters, and the over-limit return tuple
+        `{1, i, ...}` carries a counter index that maps directly to
+        `per_counter_meta[i - 1]`. Keep these arrays parallel at the counter
+        level when modifying this code.
+        """
         if not raw:
             return RateLimitResponse(overall_code="OK", statuses=[])
 
         status_code = int(raw[0])
         if status_code == 1:
-            # Over limit: { 1, descriptor_index (1-based), current_counter, limit }
+            # Over limit: { 1, counter_index (1-based), current_counter, limit }
             descriptor_index = int(raw[1]) - 1
             current_counter = int(raw[2])
             limit = int(raw[3])