feature: Embedded value pattern (#2384)

* Emdedded value design pattern * Adding suggested changes * Adding module in parent POM * Fixed checkstyle errors
2026-05-14 12:58:37 +00:00 · 2022-12-04 22:01:29 +05:30
parent 7d2832f412
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+---
+title: Embedded Value
+category: Structural 
+language: en
+tag: 
+ - Data Access
+ - Enterprise Application Pattern
+---
+
+## Also known as
+Aggregate Mapping, Composer
+
+## Intent
+Many small objects make sense in an OO system that don’t make sense as
+tables in a database. An Embedded Value maps the values of an object to fields in the record of the object’s owner.
+
+## Explanation
+
+Real-world example
+
+> Examples include currency-aware money objects and date
+ranges. Although the default thinking is to save an object as a table, no sane person would want a table of money values. 
+> Another example would be the online orders which have a shipping address like street, city, state. We map these values of Shipping address object to fields in record of Order object.
+
+In plain words
+
+> Embedded value pattern let's you map an object into several fields of another object’s table.
+
+**Programmatic Example**
+
+Consider online order's example where we have details of item ordered and shipping address. We have Shipping address embedded in Order object. But in database we map shipping address values in Order record instead of creating a separate table for Shipping address and using foreign key to reference the order object.  
+
+First, we have POJOs `Order` and `ShippingAddress`
+
+```java
+public class Order {
+
+    private int id;
+    private String item;
+    private String orderedBy;
+    private ShippingAddress ShippingAddress;
+
+    public Order(String item, String orderedBy, ShippingAddress           ShippingAddress) {
+        this.item = item;
+        this.orderedBy = orderedBy;
+        this.ShippingAddress = ShippingAddress;
+    }
+```
+```java
+public class ShippingAddress {
+
+    private String city;
+    private String state;
+    private String pincode;
+
+    public ShippingAddress(String city, String state, String pincode) {
+        this.city = city;
+        this.state = state;
+        this.pincode = pincode;
+    }
+}
+```
+Now, we have to create only one table for Order along with fields for shipping address attributes.
+
+```Sql
+CREATE TABLE Orders (Id INT AUTO_INCREMENT, item VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, orderedBy VARCHAR(50) city VARCHAR(50), state VARCHAR(50), pincode CHAR(6) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(Id))
+```
+
+While performing the database queries and inserts, we box and unbox shipping address details.
+
+```java
+final String INSERT_ORDER = "INSERT INTO Orders (item, orderedBy, city, state, pincode) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+
+public boolean insertOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
+  var insertOrder = new PreparedStatement(INSERT_ORDER);
+  var address = order.getShippingAddress();
+  conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+  insertIntoOrders.setString(1, order.getItem());
+  insertIntoOrders.setString(2, order.getOrderedBy());
+  insertIntoOrders.setString(3, address.getCity());
+  insertIntoOrders.setString(4, address.getState());
+  insertIntoOrders.setString(5, address.getPincode());
+  
+  var affectedRows = insertIntoOrders.executeUpdate();
+  if(affectedRows == 1){
+    Logger.info("Inserted successfully");
+  }else{
+    Logger.info("Couldn't insert " + order);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Class diagram
+![alt text](./etc/embedded-value.urm.png "Embedded value class diagram")
+
+## Applicability
+
+Use the Embedded value pattern when
+
+* Many small objects make sense in an OO system that don’t make sense as tables in a database.
+* The simplest cases for Embedded Value are the clear, simple Value Objects like money and date range.
+* If you’re mapping to an existing schema, you can use this pattern when a table contains data that you want to split into more than one object in memory. This can occur when you want to factor out some behaviour in object model. 
+* In most cases you’ll only use Embedded Value on a reference object when the association between them is single valued at both ends (a one-to-one association). 
+* It can only be used for fairly simple dependents. A solitary dependent, or a few separated dependents, works well.
+
+## Tutorials
+
+* [Dzone](https://dzone.com/articles/practical-php-patterns/practical-php-patterns-3)
+* [Ram N Java](https://ramj2ee.blogspot.com/2013/08/embedded-value-design-pattern.html)
+* [Five's Weblog](https://powerdream5.wordpress.com/2007/10/09/embedded-value/)
+
+## Consequences
+
+* The great advantage of Embedded Value is that it allows SQL queries to be made against the values in the dependent object.
+* The embedded value object has no persistence behaviour at all.
+* While using this, you have to be careful that any change to the dependent marks the owner as dirty—which isn’t an issue with Value Objects that are replaced in the owner.
+* Another issue is the loading and saving. If you only load the embedded object memory when you load the owner, that’s an argument for saving both in the same table. 
+* Another question is whether you’ll want to access the embedded objects' data separately through SQL. This can be important if you’re reporting through SQL and don’t have a separate database for reporting.
+
+
+## Credits
+
+* [Fowler, Martin - Patterns of enterprise application architecture-Addison-Wesley](https://www.amazon.com/Patterns-Enterprise-Application-Architecture-Martin/dp/0321127420)
+* [Ram N Java](https://ramj2ee.blogspot.com/2013/08/embedded-value-design-pattern.html)
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+@startuml
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value {
+  class App {
+    - LOGGER : Logger {static}
+    + App()
+    + main(args : String[]) {static}
+  }
+  class DataSource {
+    - LOGGER : Logger {static}
+    - conn : Connection
+    - createschema : Statement
+    - deleteschema : Statement
+    - getschema : Statement
+    - insertIntoOrders : PreparedStatement
+    - queryOrders : Statement
+    - queyOrderByID : PreparedStatement
+    - removeorder : PreparedStatement
+    + DataSource()
+    + createSchema() : boolean
+    + deleteSchema() : boolean
+    + getSchema() : String
+    + insertOrder(order : Order) : boolean
+    + queryOrder(id : int) : Order
+    + queryOrders() : Stream<Order>
+    + removeOrder(id : int)
+  }
+  ~interface DataSourceInterface {
+    + CREATE_SCHEMA : String {static}
+    + DELETE_SCHEMA : String {static}
+    + GET_SCHEMA : String {static}
+    + INSERT_ORDER : String {static}
+    + JDBC_URL : String {static}
+    + QUERY_ORDER : String {static}
+    + QUERY_ORDERS : String {static}
+    + REMOVE_ORDER : String {static}
+    + createSchema() : boolean {abstract}
+    + deleteSchema() : boolean {abstract}
+    + getSchema() : String {abstract}
+    + insertOrder(Order) : boolean {abstract}
+    + queryOrder(int) : Order {abstract}
+    + queryOrders() : Stream<Order> {abstract}
+    + removeOrder(int) {abstract}
+  }
+  class Order {
+    - id : int
+    - item : String
+    - orderedBy : String
+    - shippingAddress : ShippingAddress
+    + Order()
+    + Order(id : int, item : String, orderedBy : String, shippingAddress : ShippingAddress)
+    + Order(item : String, orderedBy : String, shippingAddress : ShippingAddress)
+    + getId() : int
+    + getItem() : String
+    + getOrderedBy() : String
+    + getShippingAddress() : ShippingAddress
+    + setId(id : int)
+    + setItem(item : String)
+    + setOrderedBy(orderedBy : String)
+    + setShippingAddress(shippingAddress : ShippingAddress)
+    + toString() : String
+  }
+  class ShippingAddress {
+    - city : String
+    - pincode : String
+    - state : String
+    + ShippingAddress()
+    + ShippingAddress(city : String, state : String, pincode : String)
+    + getCity() : String
+    + getPincode() : String
+    + getState() : String
+    + setCity(city : String)
+    + setPincode(pincode : String)
+    + setState(state : String)
+    + toString() : String
+  }
+}
+Order -->  "-shippingAddress" ShippingAddress
+DataSource ..|> DataSourceInterface 
+@enduml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+
+    This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+
+    The MIT License
+    Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+  <artifactId>embedded-value</artifactId>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <configuration>
+              <archive>
+                <manifest>
+                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.embedded.value.App</mainClass>
+                </manifest>
+              </archive>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+/* 
+ * Many small objects make sense in an OO system that don’t make sense as
+ * tables in a database. Examples include currency-aware money objects (amount, currency) and date
+ * ranges. Although the default thinking is to save an object as a table, no sane
+ * person would want a table of money values.
+ * 
+ * An Embedded Value maps the values of an object to fields in the record of
+ * the object’s owner. In this implementation we have an Order object with links to an
+ * ShippingAddress object. In the resulting table the fields in the ShippingAddress
+ * object map to fields in the Order table rather than make new records
+ * themselves.  
+ */
+
+@Slf4j
+public class App {
+                                      
+  /**
+   * Program entry point.
+   *
+   * @param args command line args.
+   * @throws Exception if any error occurs.
+   * 
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    final var dataSource = new DataSource();
+
+    // Orders to insert into database
+    final var order1 = new Order("JBL headphone", "Ram", 
+        new ShippingAddress("Bangalore", "Karnataka", "560040"));
+    final var order2 = new Order("MacBook Pro", "Manjunath",
+        new ShippingAddress("Bangalore", "Karnataka", "581204"));
+    final var order3 = new Order("Carrie Soto is Back", "Shiva",
+        new ShippingAddress("Bangalore", "Karnataka", "560004"));
+    
+    /**
+     * Create table for orders - Orders(id, name, orderedBy, city, state, pincode).
+     * We can see that table is different from the Order object we have.
+     * We're mapping ShippingAddress into city, state, pincode colummns of the database and not creating a separate table.
+     */ 
+    if (dataSource.createSchema()) {
+      LOGGER.info("TABLE CREATED");
+      LOGGER.info("Table \"Orders\" schema:\n" + dataSource.getSchema());
+    } else {
+      //If not able to create table, there's nothing we can do further.
+      LOGGER.error("Error creating table");
+      System.exit(0);
+    }
+
+    // Initially, database is empty
+    LOGGER.info("Orders Query: {}", dataSource.queryOrders().collect(Collectors.toList()));
+    
+    //Insert orders where shippingAddress is mapped to different columns of the same table 
+    dataSource.insertOrder(order1);
+    dataSource.insertOrder(order2);
+    dataSource.insertOrder(order3);
+    
+    /**
+     * Query orders
+     * We'll create ShippingAddress object from city, state, pincode values from the table 
+     * and add it to Order object
+     */
+    LOGGER.info("Orders Query: {}", dataSource.queryOrders().collect(Collectors.toList()) + "\n");
+    
+    //Query order by given id
+    LOGGER.info("Query Order with id=2: {}", dataSource.queryOrder(2));
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove order by given id. 
+     * Since we'd mapped address in the same table, deleting order will also take
+     * out the shipping address details
+     */
+    LOGGER.info("Remove Order with id=1");
+    dataSource.removeOrder(1);
+    LOGGER.info("\nOrders Query: {}", dataSource.queryOrders().collect(Collectors.toList()) + "\n");
+    
+    //After successfull demonstration of the pattern, drop the table
+    if (dataSource.deleteSchema()) {
+      LOGGER.info("TABLE DROPPED");
+    } else {
+      //If there's a potential error while dropping table
+      LOGGER.error("Error deleting table");
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+/*
+ * Communicates with H2 database with the help of JDBC API
+ * 
+ * Inherits the SQL queries and methods from @link AbstractDataSource class
+ */
+
+@Slf4j
+public class DataSource implements DataSourceInterface {
+  private Connection conn;
+
+  /** 
+   * Statements are objects which are used to execute queries which will not be
+   * repeated.
+   */
+  private Statement getschema;
+  private Statement deleteschema;
+  private Statement queryOrders;
+
+  /*
+   * PreparedStatements are used to execute queries which will be repeated.
+   */
+  private PreparedStatement insertIntoOrders;
+  private PreparedStatement removeorder;
+  private PreparedStatement queyOrderByID;
+  
+  /**
+   * {@summary} 
+   * Establish connection to database.
+   */
+  public DataSource() {
+    try {
+      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL);
+      LOGGER.info("Connected to H2 in-memory database: " + conn.getCatalog());
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean createSchema() {
+    try (Statement createschema = conn.createStatement()) {
+      createschema.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA);
+      insertIntoOrders = conn.prepareStatement(INSERT_ORDER, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
+      getschema = conn.createStatement();
+      queryOrders = conn.createStatement();
+      removeorder = conn.prepareStatement(REMOVE_ORDER);
+      queyOrderByID = conn.prepareStatement(QUERY_ORDER);
+      deleteschema = conn.createStatement();
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getSchema() {
+    try {
+      var resultSet = getschema.executeQuery(GET_SCHEMA);
+      var sb = new StringBuilder();
+      while (resultSet.next()) {
+        sb.append("Col name: " + resultSet.getString(1) + ",  Col type: " + resultSet.getString(2) + "\n");
+      }
+      getschema.close();
+      return sb.toString();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOGGER.error("Error in retrieving schema: {}", e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+    }
+    return "Schema unavailable";
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean insertOrder(Order order) {
+    try {
+      conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+      insertIntoOrders.setString(1, order.getItem());
+      insertIntoOrders.setString(2, order.getOrderedBy());
+      var address = order.getShippingAddress();
+      insertIntoOrders.setString(3, address.getCity());
+      insertIntoOrders.setString(4, address.getState());
+      insertIntoOrders.setString(5, address.getPincode());
+      var affectedRows = insertIntoOrders.executeUpdate();
+      if (affectedRows == 1) {
+        var rs = insertIntoOrders.getGeneratedKeys();
+        rs.last();
+        var insertedAddress = new ShippingAddress(address.getCity(), address.getState(), address.getPincode());
+        var insertedOrder = new Order(rs.getInt(1), order.getItem(), order.getOrderedBy(),
+            insertedAddress); 
+        conn.commit();
+        LOGGER.info("Inserted: {}", insertedOrder);
+      } else {
+        conn.rollback();
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage());
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        conn.setAutoCommit(true);
+      } catch (SQLException e) {
+        LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage());
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Stream<Order> queryOrders() {
+    var ordersList = new ArrayList<Order>();
+    try (var rSet = queryOrders.executeQuery(QUERY_ORDERS)) {
+      while (rSet.next()) {
+        var order = new Order(rSet.getInt(1), rSet.getString(2), rSet.getString(3),
+            new ShippingAddress(rSet.getString(4), rSet.getString(5),
+            rSet.getString(6)));
+        ordersList.add(order);
+      }
+      rSet.close();
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e.getCause());
+    }
+    return ordersList.stream();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@summary}
+   * Query order by given id.
+   * @param id as the parameter
+   * @return Order objct
+   * @throws SQLException in case of unexpected events
+   */
+
+  @Override
+  public Order queryOrder(int id) throws SQLException {
+    Order order = null;
+    queyOrderByID.setInt(1, id);
+    try (var rSet = queyOrderByID.executeQuery()) {
+      queyOrderByID.setInt(1, id);
+      if (rSet.next()) {
+        var address = new ShippingAddress(rSet.getString(4),
+            rSet.getString(5), rSet.getString(6));
+        order = new Order(rSet.getInt(1), rSet.getString(2), rSet.getString(3), address);
+      }
+      rSet.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+    }
+    return order;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void removeOrder(int id) throws Exception {
+    try {
+      conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+      removeorder.setInt(1, id);
+      if (removeorder.executeUpdate() == 1) {
+        LOGGER.info("Order with id " + id + " successfully removed");
+      } else {
+        LOGGER.info("Order with id " + id + " unavailable.");
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+      conn.rollback();
+    } finally {
+      conn.setAutoCommit(true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean deleteSchema() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      deleteschema.execute(DELETE_SCHEMA);
+      queryOrders.close();
+      queyOrderByID.close();
+      deleteschema.close();
+      insertIntoOrders.close();
+      conn.close();
+      return true;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOGGER.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+/*
+ * Abstract class which contains the required SQL queries and basic methods declaration.
+ * 
+ * The main thing to consider is that the ShippingAddress object doesn't have it's own class
+ * but it's values are stored into the Orders table as city, state, pincode
+ * 
+ */
+interface DataSourceInterface {
+  
+  final String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:h2:mem:Embedded-Value";
+  
+  final String CREATE_SCHEMA = "CREATE TABLE Orders (Id INT AUTO_INCREMENT, item VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, orderedBy VARCHAR(50)"
+      + ", city VARCHAR(50), state VARCHAR(50), pincode CHAR(6) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(Id))";
+  
+  final String GET_SCHEMA = "SHOW COLUMNS FROM Orders";
+  
+  final String INSERT_ORDER = "INSERT INTO Orders (item, orderedBy, city, state, pincode) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+  
+  final String QUERY_ORDERS = "SELECT * FROM Orders";
+  
+  final String QUERY_ORDER = QUERY_ORDERS + " WHERE Id = ?";
+  
+  final String REMOVE_ORDER = "DELETE FROM Orders WHERE Id = ?";
+  
+  final String DELETE_SCHEMA = "DROP TABLE Orders";
+  
+  boolean createSchema() throws SQLException;
+  
+  String getSchema() throws SQLException;
+  
+  boolean insertOrder(Order order) throws SQLException;
+  
+  Stream<Order> queryOrders() throws SQLException;
+  
+  Order queryOrder(int id) throws SQLException;
+  
+  void removeOrder(int id) throws Exception;
+  
+  boolean deleteSchema() throws Exception;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.Setter;
+import lombok.ToString;
+/* 
+ * A POJO which represents the Order object.
+ */
+@ToString
+@Setter
+@Getter
+public class Order {
+  
+  private int id;
+  private String item;
+  private String orderedBy;
+  private ShippingAddress shippingAddress;
+  
+  /**
+   * Constructor for Item object.
+   * @param item item name
+   * @param orderedBy item orderer
+   * @param shippingAddress shipping address details
+   */
+
+  public Order(String item, String orderedBy, ShippingAddress shippingAddress) {
+    this.item = item;
+    this.orderedBy = orderedBy;
+    this.shippingAddress = shippingAddress;
+  }
+
+  public Order(int id, String item, String orderedBy, ShippingAddress shippingAddress) {
+    this(item, orderedBy, shippingAddress);
+    this.id = id;
+  }
+  
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.ToString;
+
+/** 
+ * Another POJO which wraps the Shipping details of order into Object.
+ */
+@ToString
+@Getter
+public class ShippingAddress {
+  
+  private String city;
+  private String state;
+  private String pincode;
+  
+  /**
+   * Constructor for Shipping Address object.
+   * @param city City name
+   * @param state State name
+   * @param pincode Pin code of the city
+   * 
+   */
+  public ShippingAddress(String city, String state, String pincode) {
+    this.city = city;
+    this.state = state;
+    this.pincode = pincode;
+  }
+}  
+
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * This project is licensed under the MIT license. Module model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework licensed under LGPL (see lgpl-3.0.txt).
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2022 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.embedded.value;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+  * Check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
+  * throws an exception.
+*/
+public class AppTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void doesNotThrowException() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[] {}));
+    }
+}
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@
    <module>composite-view</module>
    <module>metadata-mapping</module>
    <module>service-to-worker</module>
+    <module>embedded-value</module>
    <module>currying</module>
    <module>serialized-entity</module>
    <module>identity-map</module>